Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufanisa ububanzi bangaphakathi be-bearing ne-shaft kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle ne-housing lapho i-bearing ifakiwe. Uma ukulingana kukhululekile kakhulu, ubuso bokuhlangana buzokhiqiza ukushelela okuhlobene, okubizwa ngokuthi i-creep. Uma kwenzeka i-creep, izoguga ubuso bokuhlangana, yonakalise i-shaft noma i-housing, futhi i-wraw powder izongena ku-bearing, ibangele ukushisa, ukudlidliza kanye nomonakalo. Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kuzoholela kububanzi obuncane bangaphandle be-ring yangaphandle noma ububanzi obukhulu bangaphakathi be-ring yangaphakathi, okuzonciphisa ukuvuleka kwangaphakathi kwe-bearing. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kwe-geometric kokucubungula i-shaft kanye ne-shell kuzothinta nokunemba kokuqala kwe-bearing ring, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kwe-bearing.
1.1 Ukukhethwa Kokulingana 1.1.1 Uhlobo lomthwalo kanye nokukhethwa kokulingana kunqunywa ngokuya ngesiqondiso somthwalo webhereyitha kanye nesimo sokuzungeza kwamasongo angaphakathi nangaphandle, ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuThebula 1. Ithebula 1 kanye nezimo ezijikelezayo zebhereyitha kanye nomthwalo nemidwebo enendandatho yangaphakathi: ukujika okungekuhle: isiqondiso somthwalo omile: indandatho yangaphakathi eqondile umthwalo ojikelezayo indandatho yangaphakathi, indandatho yangaphandle umthwalo omile SEBENZISA ukulingana kokuphazamiseka (ukulingana kokuphazamiseka) indandatho yangaphandle: ukulingana okusebenzayo okutholakalayo (ukususwa) indandatho yangaphakathi: indilinga engenhle engaguquki: isiqondiso sokujikeleza komthwalo, kanye nendandatho yangaphandle kanye nendandatho yangaphakathi ejikelezayo: ukujika okungekuhle: isiqondiso somthwalo omile: indandatho yangaphakathi eqondile umthwalo omile indandatho yangaphakathi, umthwalo ojikelezayo wendandatho yangaphandle otholakalayo ukulingana kokugijima (ukususwa) indandatho yangaphandle: SEBENZISA ukulingana kokuphazamiseka (ukulingana kokuphazamiseka) indandatho yangaphakathi: indilinga engenhle engaguquki: isiqondiso somthwalo ojikelezayo: ngendandatho yangaphakathi ejikelezayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. 2) Ukulingana okunconyiwe Ukukhetha ukulingana okufanele, izici zomthwalo webhereyitha, usayizi, izimo zokushisa, ukufakwa kwamasongo, ukususwa kwezimo ezahlukahlukene. Lapho ibhereyitha lifakwe egobolondweni elinodonga oluncane kanye nomgodi ongenalutho, inani lokuphazamiseka kudingeka libe likhulu kunelavamile. Igobolondo elihlukanisiwe lingalimaza kalula indandatho yangaphandle yebhereyi, ngakho indandatho yangaphandle kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenzisana okungaguquki. Uma kwenzeka ukudlidliza okukhulu, indandatho yangaphakathi nendandatho yangaphandle kufanele zivumelane nokusebenzisana okungaguquki.
Sebenzisana nesincomo esijwayelekile kakhulu, bheka ithebula 2, ithebula 3 ithebula 2 i-centripetal bearing kanye ne-shaft enemibandela esebenzayo (ireferensi) ububanzi be-axle (mm) i-spherical roller bearing remark ball bearings ama-cylindrical roller bearing ama-taper roller bearing othomathikhi i-roller bearing cylindrical hole bearing indandatho yangaphandle kanye nokujikeleza kwe-shaft umthwalo udinga indandatho yangaphakathi ku-shaft kulula ukuyihambisa amasondo e-axle aqinile zonke izidingo zokunemba ze-g6, nge-g5, h5, i-bearing kanye nokwenza kube lula iselula i-h6 iyatholakala ngaphandle kwendandatho yangaphakathi kulula ukuyihambisa isondo lokuqina kwe-shaft i-h6 indandatho yangaphakathi ifreyimu yokuphotha, intambo eyindilinga noma isiqondiso somthwalo oguquguqukayo ngaphansi komthwalo omncane 0.06 Cr (1) umthwalo ohlukahlukayo wemishini yomthwalo, ipompo, i-blower, iloli, imishini yokunemba, ithuluzi lomshini ngaphansi kwe-18 -- Js5 ukunemba lapho kudingeka ngezinga le-p5, ububanzi bangaphakathi kusetshenziswa i-precision ball bearing ngaphansi kwe-18 mm h5. Umthwalo ojwayelekile (0.06~0.13) Cr (1) Ingxenye yokuthwala ejwayelekile ye-turbine yemoto ephakathi nendawo nenkulu, ipompo, i-spindle yenjini, idivayisi yokudlulisa igiya, imishini yokusebenza ngokhuni engaphansi kwama-roller bearings angu-18 -- N6 kanye nama-radial thrust ball bearings angu-1-row angasetshenziswa k6, M6 esikhundleni se-K5, M5. P6 140-200 40-65 R6 200-280 100-140 N6 -- 200-400 140-280 P6 -- 280-500 R6 -- Ngaphezu kuka-500 R7 umthwalo osindayo (ngaphezu kuka-0.13Cr (1)) izimoto zikaloliwe nezezimboni abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi injini kagesi ukwakhiwa kwemishini yokuchoboza -- 50-140 50-100 N6 Isidingo sikhulu kunokuvuleka kwebhereyitha - p6, 140-200, 100-140 - ngaphezu kuka-200, 140-200 r6 -- 200-500 r7 baphatha kuphela umthwalo we-axial wezingxenye zebhereyitha yesakhiwo sebenzisa indawo yonke izilinganiso Js6 (j6) - ithebula 3 ibhereyitha eliphakathi nendawo elinembobo yegobolondo izimo ezisebenzayo (ireferensi) ukunyakaza kwembobo yangaphandle yendandatho ububanzi bokubekezelelana ibanga inothi iyonke imbobo yegobolondo ibhereyitha yodonga indandatho yangaphandle umthwalo ojikelezayo isondo lemoto isondo le-roller amabheringi (ikhrane) isondo lomgwaqo elihambayo indandatho yangaphandle ye-P7 eya ohlangothini lwe-axial.
Umthwalo ojwayelekile, isondo lemoto elisindayo (ama-ball bearings) i-shaker N7 umthwalo okhanyayo noma ibhande lokuhambisa umthwalo elishintshayo isondo le-pulley yokucindezeleka, i-pulley M7 akuyona i-host yomthwalo oqondile umthwalo omkhulu we-trolley umthwalo noma umthwalo omncane wepompo ye-crankshaft spindle motor enkulu i-K7 indandatho yangaphandle ngokuyisisekelo hhayi isiqondiso se-axial sendandatho yangaphandle ayidingi isiqondiso se-axial uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe imigodi yegobolondo noma uhlobo lokuhlukanisa imbobo yegobolondo umthwalo ojwayelekile noma umthwalo olula i-JS7 (J7) indandatho yangaphandle izokwazi ukuthuthelwa ku-axial idinga indandatho yangaphandle ukuya esiqondisweni se-axial sendandatho yangaphakathi ukuphotha umthwalo wazo zonke izinhlobo zomthwalo othwala ingxenye yebhokisi elijwayelekile lokuthwala imoto yesitimela indandatho yangaphandle ye-H7 ukuya esiqondisweni se-axial kalula - umthwalo ojwayelekile noma umthwalo olula hlela ukungenisa umgodi wegobolondo kanye nomthwalo we-H8 wonke kumthwalo ojwayelekile, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokwenza iphepha lomshini wokomisa umthwalo wokukhanya we-G7, ikakhulukazi udinga ukugaya ngokunemba ukujikeleza kwe-spindle ngemuva kwebhola elithwala i-compressor ye-centrifugal yesivinini esiphezulu i-JS6 (J6) indandatho yangaphandle eya esiqondisweni se-axial - hhayi iqondiswe umthwalo oqondile ngemuva kwebhola elithwala i-spindle i-compressor ye-centrifugal yesivinini esiphezulu i-K6 Indandatho yangaphandle ephethe uhlangothi oluqinile eqinisiwe eqinisiwe ohlangothini lwe-axial lomthwalo ngokomthetho, esebenza enanini lokuphazamiseka okukhulu kune-K, izidingo ezikhethekile ngaphansi kwesimo sokunemba okuphezulu, Ukulingana okuncane okuvunyelwe kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokwengeziwe ngenhloso ngayinye.
Umthwalo wokuphotha wendandatho yangaphakathi uhlukahluka, ikakhulukazi udinga ukujikeleza okunembile kanye nokuqina okukhulu kwe-spindle yethuluzi lomshini enendandatho yangaphandle ye-roller eyindilinga engu-M6 noma engu-N6 eboshwe ohlangothini lwe-axial ukuze kusebenze imishini yasekhaya ngaphandle komsindo indandatho yangaphandle ye-H6 iye ohlangothini lwe-axial - 3), ukunemba kwe-axis, i-hood, kanye ne-axis yokuqina kobuso, ukunemba kwe-hood akuyona isimo esihle, i-bearing ethintekile yiyo ayikwazi ukubonisa ukusebenza okudingekayo. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwengxenye yehlombe uma ukunemba kungalungile, izindandatho zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zizothambekela. Ngaphezu komthwalo wokuthwala, kuhlanganiswe nomthwalo ogxilile ekugcineni, impilo yokukhathala kwe-bearing izoncishiswa, futhi okubi kakhulu, izoba imbangela yomonakalo wekheji kanye nokubola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kwegobolondo ngenxa yomthwalo wangaphandle akukukhulu. Kubalulekile ukusekela ngokugcwele ukuqina kwe-bearing. Uma ukuqina kuphakeme, kulapho umsindo kanye nokusatshalaliswa komthwalo kwe-bearing kungcono khona.
Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, ukucutshungulwa komshini wokujika noma ukucutshungulwa komshini okunesicefe kungaba yinto engathandeki. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezinezidingo eziqinile zokujikeleza kanye nomsindo kanye nezimo zomthwalo zinzima kakhulu, ukugaya kokugcina kufanele kusetshenziswe. Uma kuhlelwe amabheringi angaphezu kwama-2 endlini yonke, izindawo zokuhlangana kwendlu kufanele zakhiwe ukuze zifakwe umshini futhi zibhobozwe. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, umgodi, ukunemba kwendlu kanye nokuqeda kungaba njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 4 ngezansi. Ithebula 4 Ukunemba kwe-Axis kanye neZindlu kanye Nokuphela Kwama-bearings - Isigaba se-AXIS sokubekezelelana kokuzungeza kwe-enclosure - isigaba 0, isigaba 6, isigaba 5, isigaba 4 IT3 ~ IT42 2IT3 ~ IT42 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT42 2 Ukubekezelelana kwe-Cylindricity - isigaba 0, isigaba 6, isigaba 5, isigaba 4 IT3 ~ IT42 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 Ukubekezelelana kokugijimela emahlombe - isigaba 0, isigaba 6, isigaba 5, isigaba 4 IT3IT3 IT3~IT4IT3 Ukuphela kobuso obufanayo Rmax ibhere elincane ibhere elikhulu 3.2 S6.3s 6.3 S12.5s.
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-internal clearance ye-bearing kubhekisela enanini lokunyakaza lapho indandatho yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle ye-bearing iqinisiwe ngaphambi kokuba i-bearing ifakwe ku-shaft noma ebhokisini le-bearing, bese uhlangothi olungagxiliwe luhanjiswa ngendlela ye-radial noma ye-axial. Ngokusho kwesiqondiso sokunyakaza, lungahlukaniswa nge-radial clearance kanye ne-axial clearance. Uma kulinganiswa i-internal clearance ye-bearing, ukuze kugcinwe inani elilinganisiwe lizinzile, umthwalo wokuhlola ngokuvamile usetshenziswa eringini. Ngakho-ke, inani lokuhlola likhulu kunenani langempela le-clearance, okungukuthi, inani elengeziwe le-elastic deformation elibangelwa ukusebenzisa umthwalo wokuhlola. Inani langempela le-bearing internal clearance liboniswe kuThebula 4.5. Ukwanda kwe-clearance okubangelwa yi-elastic deformation engenhla kuyalungiswa. Ukuguquguquka kwe-elastic kwama-roller bearing akunakwa. Ithebula 4.5 lokususa ithonya lokulungiswa komthwalo wokuhlolwa kwe-radial clearance (i-deep groove ball bearing) amayunithi: um nominal bearing model diameter d (mm) (N) clearance test load adjust to C2 C3 C4 C510 okuvamile (kufaka phakathi) 18 24.549 147 3 ~ 4 4 ~ 5 6 ~ 8 45 8 4 6 9 Ephreli 9 Ephreli 6 92.2 ukukhethwa kwe-bearing clearance bearing clearance clearance running clearance, ngenxa yokulingana kwe-bearing kanye nomehluko wokushisa ngezizathu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ngokuvamile kuncane kune-clearance yokuqala. I-clearance yokusebenza ihlobene eduze nokuphila kwe-bearing, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza nomsindo, ngakho-ke kumele isethwe esimweni esifanele.
Ngokwethiyori, lapho i-bearing isebenza, nge-running clearance encane engemihle, impilo ye-bearing iphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukugcina le clearance efanele. Ngokushintsha kwezimo zesevisi, i-negative clearance ye-bearing izokhula ngokufanayo, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-bearing life noma ukukhiqizwa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, i-clearance yokuqala ye-bearing ngokuvamile ibekwe ukuthi ibe nkulu kancane kune-zero. UMFANELO 2 ukuhlukahluka kwe-bearing radial clearance 2.3 Izindlela zokukhetha i-Bearing clearance Ngokwethiyori, i-bearing life ikhuliswa uma kune-clearance encane engemihle ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziphephile. Kodwa empeleni, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina lesi simo esihle kakhulu. Uma izimo ezithile zesevisi zishintsha, i-clearance engemihle izokhula, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwe-bearing life noma ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-clearance yokuqala ivame ukukhethwa, i-clearance yokusebenza iyadingeka ukuthi ibe nkulu kancane kune-zero.
Kuma-bearings ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kuzosetshenziswa ukuhlanganiswa kwemithwalo evamile. Uma ijubane kanye nokushisa kujwayelekile, kufanele kukhethwe imvume evamile efanele ukuze kutholakale imvume yokusebenza efanele. Ithebula 6 imvume evamile kakhulu isibonelo ukusebenzisa izimo ezifanele imvume yesikhathi ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo, umthwalo womthelela, ukuphazamiseka kwenani elikhulu le-axle yemoto yesitimela i-C3 isikrini sokudlidliza i-C3 ne-C4 azikwazi ukukhokhela umthwalo oqondisayo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesiyingi se-tractor ye-C4 sebenzisa i-static nge-traction motor yesitimela, umshini wokunciphisa noma umshini wephepha lokushisa wendandatho yangaphakathi ye-C4, umshini wokomisa i-C3 kanye ne-C4 mill roller kun C3 ukunciphisa ukudlidliza okujikelezayo nomsindo we-micro-motor C2 clearance adjustment kanye nokulawula ukudlidliza kwe-shaft NTN spindle (i-double row cylindrical roller bearing) C9NA, C0NA.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-30-2020