He wāhanga miihini matua ngā peera i roto i te mekameka ahumahi hanga. Ehara i te mea ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te waku anake, engari ka taea hoki e ia te tautoko i ngā kawenga, te tuku mana me te pupuri i te tūnga, ā, mā reira ka whakatairanga i te whakahaere pai o ngā taputapu. Ko te mākete peera o te ao e tata ana ki te US$40 piriona, ā, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te US$53 piriona i te tau 2026, me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 3.6%.
Ka taea te kī ko te umanga peera he umanga tuku iho e whakahaerehia ana e ngā umanga, ā, kua roa e mahi pai ana. I ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, he iti noa iho ngā au o te umanga kua kitea, kua kaha ake i mua, ā, tera pea ka whai wāhi nui ki te hanga i te umanga i roto i tēnei tekau tau.
Ko ngā kaupapa matua e whai ake nei mō te tautoko i te R&D me ngā ahunga whanaketanga ā muri ake nei:
1. Whakaritenga
I roto i te ahumahi (ina koa ko ngā motuka me ngā waka rererangi), kei te tipu haere te ia o ngā "pea whakauru", ā, kua noho ngā wāhanga e karapoti ana i ngā peera hei wāhanga kore e wātea ana o ngā peera. I whakawhanakehia tēnei momo peera hei whakaiti i te maha o ngā wāhanga peera i roto i te hua whakamutunga kua huihuia. Nō reira, mā te whakamahi i ngā "pea whakauru" ka whakaiti i ngā utu taputapu, ka whakapiki i te pono, ka māmā ake te tāutanga, ā, ka roa ake te roa o te ratonga. Kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā "otinga tono-motuhake" puta noa i te ao, ā, kua tino whakaohokia te hiahia o ngā kiritaki. Kei te tahuri te ahumahi peera ki te whakawhanake i ngā peera motuhake hou. Nō reira, ka whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakarato peera he peera ngaio kua whakaritea kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga motuhake o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ngā turbocharger motuka me ētahi atu tono.
2. Te Matapae me te Aroturuki i te Oranga
Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihoahoa peera ngā taputapu pūmanawa whakatauira matatau hei whakataurite i te hoahoa peera ki ngā āhuatanga mahi tūturu. Ko ngā waehere rorohiko me te tātari e whakamahia ana i roto i te hoahoa me te tātari peera i ēnei rā he tino pono te hangarau, ka taea te matapae i te mahi a te peera, te roa me te pono, he nui ake te matapae i te taumata tekau tau ki muri, ā, kāore he take mō ngā whakamātautau utu nui me te roa, ngā whakamātautau mara rānei. I te mea ka nui ake ngā tono a te tangata ki ngā rawa o nāianei e pā ana ki te whakanui ake i te putanga me te whakapai ake i te pai, ka nui haere te hiranga o te mārama ki te wā ka tīmata te puta o ngā raruraru. Ka nui te utu o ngā rahunga taputapu ohorere, ā, ka pā he hua kino, ka arahi ki te kati whakaputa kore whakamaheretia, te whakakapinga wāhanga utu nui, me ngā take haumaru me te taiao. Ka taea e te aroturukitanga āhua peera te aroturuki hihiri i ngā tawhā taputapu, ka āwhina ki te kite i ngā rahunga i mua i te puta o ngā rahunga kino. Kei te mahi tonu ngā kaihanga taputapu taketake peera ki te whakawhanake i ngā "peera atamai" me ngā mahi pūoko. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea e ngā peera te whakawhitiwhiti tonu i ō rātou āhuatanga mahi mā roto i ngā pūoko hiko ā-roto me ngā hiko kohikohi raraunga.
3. Ngā Rauemi me te Paninga
Ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o ngā peera i ngā rauemi matatau. Kei te whakamahia e te umanga peera ngā rauemi kāore i te wātea i ētahi tau kua pahure ake nei, pērā i ngā paninga mārō, ngā uku me ngā maitai motuhake hou. Ka taea e ēnei rauemi te whakapai ake i te mahi me te whai huatanga. I ētahi wā, ka taea e ngā rauemi peera motuhake te whakahaere tika i ngā taputapu taumaha me te kore he hinu whakahinuhinu. Ka taea e ēnei rauemi me ngā āhuatanga maimoatanga wera motuhake me ngā hanganga āhuahanga te tu atu ki ngā pāmahana tino nui me ngā āhuatanga tukatuka, pērā i te poke matūriki me ngā kawenga tino nui.
I ngā tau kua taha ake nei, kua tino tere haere te whakapainga o te kakano o te mata o ngā huānga hurihuri me ngā ara reihi, me te tāpiri atu o ngā paninga ātete-kakahu. Hei tauira, ko te whanaketanga o ngā pōro pania ki te tungsten carbide he ātete ki te kakahu me te waikura he whanaketanga nui. He tino pai ēnei peera mō ngā āhuatanga taumahatanga teitei, pānga nui, whakahinuhinu iti me te pāmahana teitei.
I te mea e aro ana te umanga peera o te ao ki ngā whakaritenga ture mō ngā tukunga, ngā paerewa haumaru kua piki ake, ngā hua māmā ake me te iti o te waku me te haruru, ngā tumanakohanga pono kua pai ake, me ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu maitai o te ao, te ahua nei he whakatau rautaki te whakapaunga R&D hei ārahi i te mākete. Hei tāpiri, ko te nuinga o ngā whakahaere kei te aro tonu ki ngā matapae tono tika me te whakauru i te mamati ki roto i te hangahanga hei whiwhi painga o te ao.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-06-2020