Ingufu ni igice gishyigikira umugozi uri mu mashini, kandi umugozi ushobora kuzunguruka kuri ingufu. Ubushinwa ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi mu guhanga ingufu zizunguruka. Mu bitabo bya kera by'Abashinwa, imiterere y'ingufu zizunguruka imaze igihe kinini yandikwa."
Amateka y'iterambere rya Bearing mu Bushinwa
Mu myaka ibihumbi umunani ishize, mu Bushinwa hagaragaye ibumba rikoresha amapine make
Uruziga rw'umubumbyi ni disiki ifite umugozi uzenguruka ugororotse. Ibumba rivanze cyangwa ibumba rito rishyirwa hagati mu ruziga kugira ngo uruziga ruzunguruke, mu gihe ibumba rikozwe n'intoki cyangwa rigasukurwa hakoreshejwe igikoresho. Uruziga rw'ibumba ku muvuduko warwo wo kuzenguruka rugabanyijemo uruziga rwihuta n'uruziga rugenda buhoro, birumvikana ko uruziga rwihuta rukorwa hashingiwe ku ruziga rugenda buhoro. Dukurikije inyandiko ziheruka z'ubushakashatsi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo, uruziga rugenda buhoro rwavutse, cyangwa rwarahindutse, mu myaka 8.000 ishize. Muri Werurwe 2010, igice cy'uruziga rw'imbaho cyabonetse mu gace k'umuco ka Quahuqiao, byagaragaje ko ikoranabuhanga ry'uruziga rw'ibumba mu Bushinwa ryari rimaze imyaka irenga 2000 mbere y'uko Aziya y'iburengerazuba ikora. Ni ukuvuga ko Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukoresha ibyuma, cyangwa ihame ryo gukoresha ibyuma, mbere y'Aziya y'iburengerazuba.
Inkingi y'uruziga rw'imbaho imeze nk'urukuta rwa trapezoidal, kandi hari silinda ntoya iri hagati y'urukuta, ari na yo mpande y'uruziga rw'imbaho. Iyo hakozwe uruziga rushyirwa ku mpande y'uruziga rw'imbaho, uruziga rwuzuye rw'imbaho rurasubizwa. Nyuma yo gukora uruziga rw'imbaho, urubuto rw'imbaho rutose rushyirwa ku isahani izunguruka kandi rugashyirwa ku murongo witonze. Isahani izunguruka izunguruka n'ukuboko kumwe hanyuma umubiri w'ipine ugomba gusanwa ugashyirwa ku giti, ibikoresho by'amagufwa cyangwa amabuye n'ukundi kuboko. Nyuma yo kuzunguruka inshuro nyinshi, igishushanyo cy'umugozi wifuzwa gishobora gusigara ku mubiri w'ipine. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, uruziga rugaragara hano, kandi hari umugozi wo gushyigikira, ari wo nkomoko y'ubwikorezi.
Imiterere y'uruziga rw'ibumba igaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo:
Ishusho iri hepfo ni ugusana uruziga rwihuse, rushingiye ku ruziga rwihuse mu gihe cya Tang Dynasty. Rugomba kuba ruteye imbere cyane kurusha urwa mbere, ariko ihame rikomeza kuba rimwe, uretse ko ibikoresho bihinduka kuva ku giti bijya mu cyuma.
Ishusho iri hepfo ni ugusana uruziga rwihuse, rushingiye ku ruziga rwihuse mu gihe cya Tang Dynasty. Rugomba kuba ruteye imbere cyane kurusha urwa mbere, ariko ihame rikomeza kuba rimwe, uretse ko ibikoresho bihinduka kuva ku giti bijya mu cyuma.
Igihe cya Regulus, inkuru y'imodoka
Igitabo cy'Indirimbo cyanditse uburyo amabati atera imbaraga
Gusiga amavuta ku mabuye y'agaciro byanditswe mu Gitabo cy'Indirimbo ahagana mu 1100-600 mbere ya Yesu. Kugaragara kw'amabuye y'agaciro byagaragaje ko hakenewe amavuta cyangwa byateje imbere iterambere rya tribology. Ubu bizwi ko amavuta akoreshwa cyane mu modoka za kera, ariko kugaragara kw'amavuta y'agaciro ntabwo bigaragara cyane nk'uko imodoka zagaragaye. Kubwibyo, biragoye cyane kuganira ku gihe nyacyo cyo kugaragara kw'amavuta y'agaciro. Binyuze mu gushakisha no gushakisha ibikoresho, inyandiko za mbere zivuga ku mabuye y'agaciro ziboneka mu Gitabo cy'Indirimbo. Igitabo cy'Indirimbo ni cyo cyegeranyo cya mbere cy'imivugo mu Bushinwa. Kubwibyo, icyo gisigo cyakomotse mu ntangiriro z'ingoma ya Zhou kugeza mu mpeshyi yo hagati no mu gihe cy'impeshyi, ni ukuvuga kuva mu kinyejana cya 11 mbere ya Yesu kugeza mu kinyejana cya 6 mbere ya Yesu. Mu bisobanuro by'ingofero ya "fen spring" yo mu Gitabo cy'Indirimbo, ingofero ya "fat and hook, ku ngofero ya" T "kandi" nta kibazo "isobanurwa nka" urufunguzo rw'iherezo ry'umuzingo "mu bihe bya kera. Yakoreshwaga mu modoka za kera, ihwanye n'icyo ubu twita pin, inyura ku mpera y'umuzingo, ishobora kuba "control" y'ipine, kugira ngo umuzingo w'umuzingo w'imodoka ukomere; kandi "grease" birumvikana ko ari amavuta, "return" ni ugutaha, "mai" ni vuba. Hamwe n'amavuta, amavuta y'umuzingo, ku mpera y'umuzingo, reba pin, genda urugendo rurerure, unsubize mu rugo. Ihutire kujya mu mujyi wa wei ah! Ntureke numva mfite icyaha.
Ishusho y'ingoma ya Qin na Han ifite imiterere y'urusoro
Kubera ingoma ya zhou, qin, Han ku ivumburwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara no gukoresha imyitozo, kuri zimwe mu nyandiko z'ingenzi z'umuco mu ngoma ya qin na Han, byanditswe kandi akenshi zikoreshwa zirimo inyandiko zisobanutse neza kandi zikuze zivuga ku gukoresha amagambo yihariye, imwe mu zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu "axis" "igereranya-amazi-simulation" "jian" n'andi magambo ndetse na "axis" n'ibindi ku nshinga nyamukuru (reba wen jie zi "). (Bearing Encyclopedia ID: ZCBK2014) Imvugo y'inyuguti z'ikiyapani zigezweho ku gutwara iracyari "ifite ingaruka ku buryo bungana". Mu nyuguti za xiaozhuan zo mu ngoma ya Qin, hariho umurongo, imikorere, imbeba n'izindi nyuguti. Dukurikije ibisobanuro by'umwimerere by'Inyuguti zo mu Ngoma ya Han, "axis" ifata inziga, "iragwa" kandi ikakira inziga, icyuma kiri ku gice "cyahimbwe" n'icyuma kiri ku mugongo wa "imbeba", biragaragara ko igitekerezo cy'umuco n'uburyo bwo kwandika bw'imbeba byashyizweho mu ngoma ya Qin na Han.
Igikoresho cyoroshye cya Yuan Dynasty cyakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyigikira imigozi y'icyuma
Igikoresho cyoroshye gikoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa cylindrical. Igikoresho cyoroshye gikoreshwa mu gupima ikirere. Ibice bigize icyuma gipima ikirere bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bigishyigikira n'ibice bigenda. Ibice bigishyigikira birimo umusingi w'amazi, inkingi y'ikiyoka, impeta ebyiri za tian Jing, impeta imwe y'impande zombi, n'umusingi w'amazi hagati ya tian zhu, n'ibindi. Ishusho ikurikira igaragaza neza ibice by'ingenzi bishyigikira n'ibishariza by'icyuma gipima ikirere.
Iterambere ry’uburengerazuba bw’ingoma ya Qing Dynasty ryagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imashini mu Bushinwa, inganda zikora ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo nazo zagize ingaruka. Mu Kuboza 2002, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo ry’Abashinwa ryagiye i Burayi maze risanga ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo by’Abashinwa by’ingoma yo gutwara imizigo mu cyumba cy’imurikagurisha rya SKF muri Suwede. Ibi ni ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo. Impeta, amakayi n’amakayi bisa cyane n’ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo bigezweho. Dukurikije ibisobanuro by’ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo ni "ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo byakorewe mu Bushinwa mu kinyejana cya 19."
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-22-2022