Kunyamula ndi gawo lothandizira shaft mumakina, ndipo shaft imatha kuzungulira pamayendedwe. China ndi amodzi mwa mayiko oyamba padziko lapansi kupanga ma rolling bearings. M'mabuku akale achi China, mapangidwe a ma axle bearings adalembedwa kalekale."
Mbiri yachitukuko cha Bearing ku China
Zaka 8,000 zapitazo, mbiya zoyenda pang'onopang'ono zidawonekera ku China
Gudumu la woumba mbiya ndi disiki yokhala ndi mtengo wozungulira wowongoka. Dongo losanganikirana kapena dongo lolimba limayikidwa pakati pa gudumu kuti gudumu litembenuke, pomwe dongo limapangidwa ndi manja kapena kupukutidwa ndi chida. Gudumu la mbiya pa liwiro lake lozungulira limagawidwa kukhala gudumu lachangu komanso gudumu loyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndithudi, gudumu lothamanga limapangidwa pamaziko a gudumu pang'onopang'ono. Malinga ndi zolemba zakale zaposachedwa, gudumu loyenda pang'onopang'ono linabadwa, kapena linasinthika, zaka 8,000 zapitazo. M'mwezi wa Marichi 2010, malo opangira matabwa a matabwa adapezeka pamalo otchedwa Quahuqiao Cultural site, zomwe zidatsimikizira kuti ukadaulo wa magudumu adothi ku China unali zaka 2000 m'mbuyomo kuposa kumadzulo kwa Asia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, China idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma fani, kapena mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ma bere, kale kuposa kumadzulo kwa Asia.
Magudumu a matabwa a matabwa ali ngati nsanja ya trapezoidal, ndipo pali silinda yaing'ono yokwezeka pakati pa nsanja, yomwe ndi tsinde la gudumu la mbiya. Ngati chotchinga chapangidwa ndikuyikidwa pa gudumu la mbiya lamatabwa, gudumu la mbiya lathunthu limabwezeretsedwa. Pambuyo popanga gudumu, mbiya yonyowayo imayikidwa pa mbale yozungulira ndikuyanika mosamala. Chophimba chozungulira chimazunguliridwa ndi dzanja limodzi ndipo thupi la matayala kuti likonzedwe limalumikizidwa ndi matabwa, fupa kapena zida zamwala ndi dzanja lina. Pambuyo pozungulira kangapo, chitsanzo cha chingwe chozungulira chomwe chimafunidwa chikhoza kusiyidwa pa thupi la tayala. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, turntable ikukhudzidwa pano, ndipo pali shaft yothandizira, yomwe ndi chitsanzo cha kunyamula.
Mapangidwe a gudumu la mbiya akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi pansipa:
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa ndikubwezeretsanso gudumu lachangu, lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pa gudumu lothamanga mu Dynasty ya Tang. Iyenera kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa gudumu lothamanga loyambirira, koma mfundoyi imakhala yofanana, kupatula kuti zinthuzo zimasinthidwa kuchokera ku nkhuni kupita kuchitsulo.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa ndikubwezeretsanso gudumu lachangu, lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pa gudumu lothamanga mu Dynasty ya Tang. Iyenera kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa gudumu lothamanga loyambirira, koma mfundoyi imakhala yofanana, kupatula kuti zinthuzo zimasinthidwa kuchokera ku nkhuni kupita kuchitsulo.
Regulus Era, nthano yagalimoto
Buku la Nyimbo limalemba zokometsera za ma bearings
Kupaka mafuta kwa ma bearings kunalembedwa mu Bukhu la Nyimbo za 1100-600 BC. Maonekedwe a mayendedwe omveka amaika patsogolo kufunikira kwa mafuta odzola kapena kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha tribology. Tsopano zikudziwika kuti mafuta odzola amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto akale, koma kutuluka kwa mafuta sikukuwonekeratu kusiyana ndi kutuluka kwa magalimoto. Choncho, n'zovuta kukambirana ndendende nthawi ya zikamera mafuta. Kupyolera mu kusakatula ndi kufunafuna zipangizo, zolembedwa zakale kwambiri za mafuta opaka mafuta zimapezeka m’Buku la Nyimbo. Buku la Nyimbo ndi ndakatulo zakale kwambiri ku China. Chifukwa chake, ndakatuloyi idachokera kunthawi yoyambilira ya Zhou mpaka pakati pa masika ndi Nyengo ya Autumn, ndiye kuti, kuyambira zaka za zana la 11 BC mpaka zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC. M'mafotokozedwe a mbedza ya "fen spring" ya Bukhu la Nyimbo, mbedza ya "mafuta ndi mbedza, pa mbedza ya" T "ndi" palibe chovulaza "chimafotokozedwa ngati" fungulo lakumapeto kwa axle "munthawi zakale. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto akale, ndizofanana ndi zomwe ife tsopano timatcha pini, kupyolera kumapeto kwa shaft, ikhoza kukhala gudumu lomwe "kuwongolera" galimotoyo ndi "kuwongolera"; mafuta odzola, "kubwerera" ndikupita kunyumba, "mai" ndi grease, mafuta a axle, kumapeto kwa shaft, fufuzani pini, yendetsani ulendo wautali, nditumizeni kwathu wei ah!
Mzera wa Qin ndi Han wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a embryonic
Chifukwa cha Zhou, Qin, Han Mafumu pa Kupanga Ukadaulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mchitidwe, ku zolemba zina zofunika zachikhalidwe mu Qin ndi Han Dynasties, zalembedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zomveka bwino, zokhwima zokhala ndi mawu apadera, imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino "olamulira" "madzi-fanizo-kayeseleledwe" "jian asverb" ndi mawu ena ang'onoang'ono. wen jie zi "). (Bearing Encyclopedia ID: ZCBK2014) Mafotokozedwe a zilembo zamakono za Chijapani pa kubereka akadali "axially akhudzidwa". Mu zilembo za xiaozhuan za Qin Dynasty, pali olamulira, opareshoni, mace ndi zilembo zina. Kuchokera ku tanthauzo loyambirira la Makhalidwe a Mzera wa Han, "mawilo, magudumu" amalandira "chitsulo" chimagwira pa chitsulo "wopangidwa" likulu ndi chitsulo pa "mace" chitsulo chogwira ntchito, n'zoonekeratu kuti chikhalidwe mfundo ndi kulemba mawonekedwe a mayendedwe akhazikitsidwa mu Qin ndi Han Dynasties.
Chida chosavuta cha Yuan Dynasty chinkagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothandizirana ndi cylindrical rolling
Chida chosavuta chogwiritsa ntchito cylindrical rolling support njira chosavuta chimachokera ku Armillary Sphere. The armillary mita ndi nkhani zakuthambo. Zigawo za mita ya armillary zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu othandizira ndi magawo osuntha. Zigawo zothandizira zimaphatikizapo maziko a madzi, chinjoka cha chinjoka, tian Jing double ring, equatorial single ring, ndi madzi maziko a tian zhu, ndi zina zotero.
Mayendedwe akumadzulo a Qing Dynasty adachitapo kanthu pakupanga makina aku China, kupanga kupanga kudakhudzanso. Mu Disembala 2002, gulu lofufuza zaukadaulo waku China lidapita ku Europe ndipo lidapeza zida za Chinese Qing Dynasty mu holo yachiwonetsero ya SKF ku Sweden. Ichi ndi gulu la zodzigudubuza mayendedwe. Mphete, makola ndi odzigudubuza ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zonyamula zamakono. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwazinthuzo, mayendedwe ake ndi "mabotolo opangidwa ku China nthawi ina m'zaka za zana la 19."
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2022