Bearing ndi gawo lothandizira shaft mu makina, ndipo shaft imatha kuzungulira pa bearing. China ndi limodzi mwa mayiko oyambirira padziko lonse lapansi kupanga ma bearing ozungulira. M'mabuku akale achi China, kapangidwe ka ma bearing axle kalembedwa kalekale.
Mbiri ya chitukuko cha Bearing ku China
Zaka zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, mbiya zoyenda pang'onopang'ono zinaonekera ku China
Gudumu la woumba mbiya ndi diski yokhala ndi shaft yozungulira yowongoka. Dongo losakanikirana kapena dongo losakhwima limayikidwa pakati pa gudumu kuti gudumu lizizungulira, pomwe dongo limapangidwa ndi manja kapena kupukutidwa ndi chida. Gudumu la mbiya pa liwiro lake lozungulira limagawidwa kukhala gudumu lothamanga ndi gudumu loyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndithudi, gudumu lothamanga limapangidwa potengera gudumu loyenda pang'onopang'ono. Malinga ndi zolemba zaposachedwa za akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, gudumu loyenda pang'onopang'ono linabadwa, kapena linasinthika, zaka 8,000 zapitazo. Mu Marichi 2010, maziko a gudumu la mbiya lamatabwa adapezeka pamalo a Quahuqiao Cultural, zomwe zidatsimikizira kuti ukadaulo wa gudumu la mbiya ku China unali zaka zoposa 2000 kale kuposa kumadzulo kwa Asia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, China idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma bearing, kapena mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ma bearing, kale kuposa kumadzulo kwa Asia.
Maziko a magudumu a mbiya ali ngati nsanja ya trapezoidal, ndipo pali silinda yaying'ono yokwezedwa pakati pa nsanjayo, yomwe ndi shaft ya gudumu la mbiya. Ngati turntable yapangidwa ndikuyikidwa pa maziko a gudumu la mbiya la mbiya, gudumu la mbiya lathunthu limabwezeretsedwa. Pambuyo poti gudumu la mbiya lapangidwa, m'mimba wonyowa wa mbiya umayikidwa pa mbale yozungulira ndikuyiyika mosamala. Mbale yozungulira imazunguliridwa ndi dzanja limodzi ndipo thupi la tayala lokonzedwa limakhudzidwa ndi zida zamatabwa, mafupa kapena miyala ndi dzanja lina. Pambuyo poti mazunguliro angapo, mawonekedwe ozungulira omwe mukufuna amatha kusiyidwa pa thupi la tayala. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, turntable ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ndipo pali shaft yothandizira, yomwe ndi chitsanzo cha bearing.
Kapangidwe ka gudumu la mbiya kakuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chili pansipa:
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa ndi kukonzanso kwa gudumu lothamanga, komwe kumachokera ku gudumu lothamanga mu Ufumu wa Tang. Liyenera kukhala lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa gudumu lothamanga loyambirira, koma mfundo yake ndi yomweyi, kupatula kuti zinthuzo zimasinthidwa kuchoka pa matabwa kupita ku chitsulo.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa ndi kukonzanso kwa gudumu lothamanga, komwe kumachokera ku gudumu lothamanga mu Ufumu wa Tang. Liyenera kukhala lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa gudumu lothamanga loyambirira, koma mfundo yake ndi yomweyi, kupatula kuti zinthuzo zimasinthidwa kuchoka pa matabwa kupita ku chitsulo.
Nthawi ya Regulus, nthano ya galimoto
Buku la Nyimbo limalemba za kudzola kwa ma bearing
Kupaka mafuta a mabearing kunalembedwa m'Buku la Nyimbo pafupifupi 1100-600 BC. Kuwoneka kwa mabearing osavuta kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa mafuta kapena kunalimbikitsa chitukuko cha tribology. Tsopano zikudziwika kuti mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto akale, koma kutuluka kwa mafuta sikudziwika bwino ngati kutuluka kwa magalimoto. Chifukwa chake, n'zovuta kwambiri kukambirana nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mafuta amawonekera. Kudzera mu kufufuza ndi kufufuza zinthu, zolemba zoyambirira zokhudza mafuta zimapezeka m'Buku la Nyimbo. Buku la Nyimbo ndiye mndandanda woyamba wa ndakatulo ku China. Chifukwa chake, ndakatuloyi inayamba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Ufumu wa Zhou mpaka pakati pa masika ndi nthawi ya autumn, kutanthauza, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 11 BC mpaka m'zaka za zana la 6 BC. Mu kufotokozera kwa mbedza ya "fen spring" ya Buku la Nyimbo, mbedza ya "mafuta ndi mbedza, pa mbedza ya" T "ndi" palibe vuto "imafotokozedwa ngati" axle end key "nthawi zakale. Yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto akale, ndi yofanana ndi yomwe tsopano timatcha pini, kudzera kumapeto kwa shaft, ikhoza kukhala "control" ya gudumu yamoyo, kotero kuti thawi ya gudumu ya galimoto ikhale yokhazikika; ndipo "mafuta" ndithudi ndi mafuta, "kubwerera" ndiko kupita kunyumba, "mai" ndi yachangu. Ndi mafuta, mafuta a axle, kumapeto kwa shaft, yang'anani pini, yendetsani ulendo wautali, nditumizeni kunyumba. fulumirani kupita kumudzi wei ah! Musandilole kuti ndimve wolakwa.
Chifaniziro cha mafumu a Qin ndi Han chokhala ndi kapangidwe ka embryonic
Chifukwa cha zhou, qin, ndi Han mafumu pa nkhani ya ukadaulo wonyamula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe, m'mabuku ena ofunikira achikhalidwe mu mafumu a qin ndi Han, zalembedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zolemba zomveka bwino komanso zokhwima zokhudza mawu apadera onyamula, limodzi mwa mawu ofala kwambiri akuti "axis" "water-analogy-simulation" "jian" ndi mawu ena komanso "axis" ndi zina zotero (onani "wen jie zi". (Bearing Encyclopedia ID: ZCBK2014) Kufotokozera kwa zilembo zamakono za ku Japan pa nkhani yonyamula akadali "kokhudzidwa kwambiri". Mu zilembo za xiaozhuan za Qin Dynasty, pali mzere, ntchito, mace ndi zilembo zina. Kuchokera ku tanthauzo loyambirira la zilembo za Han Dynasty, "axis" imagwira gudumu, "ilandira" ndikulandira gudumu, chitsulo pa "chopangidwa" ndi chitsulo pa "mace" axle, n'zoonekeratu kuti lingaliro lachikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe olembera a ma bearing akhazikitsidwa mu mafumu a Qin ndi Han.
Chida chosavuta cha Yuan Dynasty chinagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothandizira wozungulira wozungulira
Chida chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira yozungulira chozungulira. Chida chosavuta chimachokera ku dera la armillary. Chida choyezera armillary ndi nkhani yowonera thambo. Zigawo za dera la armillary zitha kugawidwa m'zigawo zothandizira ndi zigawo zosuntha. Zigawo zothandizira zikuphatikizapo maziko a madzi, mzati wa chinjoka, mphete iwiri ya tian Jing, mphete imodzi ya equatorial, ndi maziko a madzi pakati pa tian zhu, ndi zina zotero. Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa bwino zigawo zazikulu zothandizira ndi zokongoletsera za dera la armillary.
Kusuntha kwa madera akumadzulo kwa ufumu wa Qing kunachita gawo linalake pakukula kwa makampani opanga makina ku China, kupanga ma bearing kunakhudzanso. Mu Disembala 2002, gulu lofufuza zaukadaulo wa ma bearing ku China linapita ku Europe ndipo linapeza ma bearing a Chinese Qing Dynasty mu holo yowonetsera ma bearing ya SKF ku Sweden. Iyi ndi seti ya ma roller bearing. Mphete, ma cages ndi ma rollers ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ma bearing amakono. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa malonda, ma bearing ndi "ma rolling bearing opangidwa ku China nthawi ina m'zaka za m'ma 1800."
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-22-2022