Mu zuba ryinshi cyane, imashini zo mu ruganda ruzwi cyane rukora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu gihugu zaranguruye ijwi, maze ishuri rihugiramo. Abakozi bari aho ngaho bihutira gutanga amabwiriza yo kugenzura icyifuzo cy’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu gihugu no mu mahanga.
Ariko, mu gihe kimwe "gushyiraho ingufu z'umuyaga" byateje ukwiyongera kwihuse mu gukenera ingufu z'amashanyarazi, icyorezo cyagize ingaruka ku musaruro usanzwe w'inganda zikora ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Ingufu z'amashanyarazi z'umuyaga zahoraga zibura.
Luo Yi, umukozi w’imbere muri Luo Shao (izina ry’irihimbano hano ku busabe bw’uwabajije) yabwiye abanyamakuru ko, mu by’ukuri, amadosiye y’ingufu z’umuyaga yazamutse cyane kuva mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka ushize, kandi zimwe muri izi ngufu zikomeye muri iki gihe zigizweho ingaruka n’icyorezo. Ingufu z’ingufu nazo zahawe inganda zikora ingufu zo mu ngo kugira ngo zitangire ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ndetse n’ingufu nke.
Mu gihe cy'igitutu cyinshi cyo gushyiraho ibikoresho byihuse n'icyorezo, inganda zikora ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi aturuka mu ngo zihanganye n'imbogamizi zikomeye...
Amabwiriza y'uruganda rw'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu yariyongereye cyane
Ingufu z'umuyaga ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi bifasha turbine z'umuyaga. Ntabwo zigomba gusa kwikorera imitwaro ikomeye, ahubwo zigomba no kubaho nibura imyaka 20 nk'uko moteri nyamukuru ibikora. Kubwibyo, imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga y'ingufu z'umuyaga irakomeye, kandi ifatwa n'inganda nk'ingufu z'umuyaga zigoye zo mu gace runaka. Kimwe mu bice byazo.
Ingufu z'umuyaga ni ubwikorezi bwihariye, ahanini burimo: ubwikorezi bwa yaw, ubwikorezi bwa pitch, ubwikorezi bw'umushatsi mukuru, ubwikorezi bwa gearbox, ubwikorezi bwa generator. Muri byo, ubwikorezi bwa generator ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Ibigo bitanga ingufu z'umuyaga mu gihugu cyanjye ubu birimo umugozi w'amatafari, umugozi wa Luo, ubwubatsi bw'ibyuma bwa Dalian, ikoranabuhanga mu bushakashatsi ku mugozi, Tianma, nibindi, kandi ubushobozi bw'umusaruro bw'ibigo byavuzwe haruguru bwibanda cyane cyane ku migozi ya yaw na migozi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora.
Ku bijyanye n'udupira tw'ingenzi twa spindle, amasosiyete yo mu gihugu akora ahanini ingano ya MW 1.5 na MW 2.x, mu gihe udupira twinshi twa MW grade twishingikiriza cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Kuva umwaka ushize, isoko ry’ingufu z’umuyaga ryakomeje kwiyongera. Kubera ko icyorezo cyagaragaye ku isi muri uyu mwaka, inganda zikora ingufu zo mu gihugu zabonye amakode kandi zihabwa amaboko yoroshye.
Dufate urugero rw'itsinda rya Waxshaft. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gicurasi 2020, inyungu ziva mu bucuruzi bw'ingenzi bw'ingufu z'umuyaga ziyongereyeho 204% ugereranyije n'igihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize.
Ariko, umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’imigozi y’amatafari yavuze ko imigozi y’amatafari yabuze muri uyu mwaka, cyane cyane imigozi y’amatafari ya megawati nini.
Hari igitekerezo mu nganda ko ibyuma binini byo mu gihe kizaza ndetse n’ibyuma binini bya megawati bizagabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bw’abakora turbine z’umuyaga.
Mbere yaho, mu nama yabereye kuri interineti ku iterambere ry’ubufatanye ku isi mu bijyanye n’inganda z’ingufu z’umuyaga mu nkengero z’inyanja muri iki gihe cy’icyorezo, Tian Qingjun, visi perezida mukuru wa Yuanjing Energy, yagaragaje ko inganda nke z’abanyamahanga nka Schaeffler na SKF ari zo zishobora gukora ingufu nini, ariko umusaruro wazo wose muri uyu mwaka ni hafi seti 600, kandi zizakwirakwizwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ingufu z’umuyaga mu nkengero z’inyanja.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, nyuma y’icyorezo cy’i Burayi, inganda za Schaeffler, SKF n’izindi nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa beater mu Burayi zagizweho ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane mu Burayi. Bamwe mu batanga ibikoresho fatizo bakomoka mu Butaliyani.
Dushobora kuvuga ko ubushobozi bwo gutwara icyuma gishyushya umuyaga buriho ubu butari buhagije cyane ku buryo buhagije.
Gushyira aho inkingi nini ziherereye? Ni amahirwe ariko nanone ni imbogamizi
Umuntu ukora mu nganda zikora ingufu z'umuyaga utashatse ko izina rye ritangazwa, yavuze ko mu gihe hari ikibazo cy'ibura ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa n'umuyaga, abakora turbine z'umuyaga ubu bakoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo mu rugo, cyane cyane imigozi y'amatafari n'imigozi ya Luo.
Mu gusubiza, umunyamakuru yabajije Li Yi ko agomba kubigenzura. Yavuze ko koko hari abakora ibikoresho bikuru bahitamo ibyuma bituruka mu mahanga umwaka wose, kandi batangiye kubisimbura mu gihugu imbere.
Gushyira ahantu hose inkingi z'amashanyarazi zikoresha umuyaga ni igikorwa kirekire. Abantu bareba neza inkingi z'amatafari zavuzwe haruguru bemeza ko ikintu cy'ingenzi giteza imbere inkingi z'amashanyarazi muri iki gihe ari ukubura inkingi z'amashanyarazi zikoresha umuyaga.
Birumvikana ko umugozi wa Luo n'umugozi w'amatafari ari ibikoresho byuzuye, bifite uburambe mu iterambere rya bearingers za power spindle, kandi bifite imyaka myinshi y'imikorere ihamye, bityo muri iki cyiciro cyo gushyiraho vuba cyane hashobora kuba uwa mbere mu gufata amabwiriza ya bearingers main power.
Nubwo bimeze gutyo, abashyize mu bikorwa ibyavuzwe haruguru baracyavuga ko hakiri icyuho hagati y’inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu gihugu n’ibihugu by’amahanga mu bijyanye n’igishushanyo mbonera, isesengura n’uburyo bikoresha.
Umunyamakuru yamenye ko bamwe mu bakora ibikoresho bikuru bazagira uruhare mu gukora ibikoresho bikurura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere ry'ibikoresho mu gihe bahisemo gusimbuza ibikoresho bikurura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi aho bashyira mu bikorwa aho ibintu biri. Muri icyo gihe, bazohereza abagenzuzi gukurikirana uko ibintu bizagenda.
Nk’uko Li Yi abivuga, ubu buryo bw’ubufatanye bwari busanzwe mu bihe byashize, kandi bwagaragaye nyuma y’uko ibikorwa byo gusahura bitangiye.
Kubera ko muri iki gihe, inganda nyinshi zikora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi aturuka mu muyaga zakoresheje abakozi b’inzobere n’abatekinisiye bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga, ibi bikaba byarateje imbere inganda zikora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi aturuka mu muyaga n’abakora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi aturuka mu gihugu kugira ibisobanuro byimbitse, byegeranye kandi binoze mu rwego rwa tekiniki no guhanahana amakuru mu ntangiriro z’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ku bikoresho by’amashanyarazi aturuka mu muyaga. Ubufatanye bwakomeje icyizere cy’impande zombi, kandi icyarimwe, binyuze mu gusangira no kurebera hamwe ibitekerezo by’igishushanyo mbonera n’ibitekerezo by’igishushanyo mbonera, imiterere y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi aturuka mu muyaga na moteri nkuru yarushijeho kunozwa. Yizera ko ubwo bwoko bw’ubufatanye burangwa n’ukuri kandi bukorana buzafasha inganda zikora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi aturuka mu muyaga gutera imbere hamwe.
Ku bijyanye no gushyira ahantu ibyuma binini bikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga, abantu benshi bakomeye mu nganda bizera ko iyi ari inkota ifite ubugi bubiri, ikaba ari amahirwe ndetse n'imbogamizi ku bikoresho binini bikoreshwa mu ngo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-24-2020