Isuzuma ry'amafaranga yinjira mu bucuruzi bw'inganda n'imiterere y'ubucuruzi bw'ibitumizwa n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa

Dukurikije amakuru, uko byagenda kose kuva ku musaruro w’ibicuruzwa cyangwa kugurisha ibikomoka ku bimera, Ubushinwa bwamaze kwinjira mu bihugu bikomeye bitanga umusaruro, bukaza ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isi. Nubwo Ubushinwa busanzwe ari igihugu kinini mu musaruro w’ibikomoka ku bimera ku isi, ntabwo bukiri igihugu gikomeye mu musaruro w’ibikomoka ku bimera ku isi. Imiterere y’inganda, ubushobozi bw’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, urwego rwa tekiniki, ireme ry’ibicuruzwa, imikorere myiza n’ubushobozi bw’inganda z’ibikomoka ku bimera mu Bushinwa biracyari inyuma cyane y’urwego mpuzamahanga rw’iterambere. Mu 2018, inyungu nyamukuru y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi irenze ingano yagenwe mu nganda z’ibikomoka ku bimera mu Bushinwa yari miliyari 184.8 z’amayuani, ubwiyongere bwa 3.36% ugereranyije na 2017, kandi umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku bimera warangiye wari miliyari 21.5, ubwiyongere bwa 2.38% ugereranyije na 2017.

Kuva mu 2006 kugeza mu 2018, inyungu nyamukuru y’ubucuruzi n’umusaruro w’inganda zo mu Bushinwa byakomeje kwiyongera cyane, aho igipimo cy’iterambere ry’inyungu nyamukuru y’ubucuruzi cyari 9.53%, ubukungu bw’inganda bwari bwarashinzwe mbere, kandi sisitemu yigenga y’udushya n’ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’iterambere byagezweho Hari ibyagezweho, kandi itsinda ry’uburyo busanzwe bw’ubucuruzi bugizwe n’amahame 97 y’igihugu, amahame 103 y’inganda zikora imashini, n’inyandiko 78 z’amakomite asanzwe, ajyanye n’amahame mpuzamahanga, yageze kuri 80%.

Kuva aho habereye ivugurura n’ifungurwa, ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bwakomeje gutera imbere vuba. Ibyuma by’imodoka, ibyuma bya gari ya moshi byihuta cyane cyangwa bisa n’ibifite umuvuduko mwinshi, ibikoresho bitandukanye binini bishyigikira ibyuma, ibyuma by’ubuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga, ibyuma by’imashini z’ubuhanga, nibindi byabaye ahantu hakurura amasosiyete mpuzamahanga kwinjira mu nganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa. Kuri ubu, amasosiyete umunani akomeye mpuzamahanga yubatse inganda zirenga 40 mu Bushinwa, ahanini zigira uruhare mu bijyanye n’ibyuma by’ubuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga.

Muri icyo gihe, urwego rw'umusaruro w'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga rihanitse byo mu Bushinwa, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'ibikoresho bikomeye, imikorere idasanzwe, ibice bishya by'ikoranabuhanga, ibice bihuza n'ibindi bice bihanitse biracyari kure y'urwego mpuzamahanga ruteye imbere, kandi ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntibiragerwaho. Ibice bishyigikira ibikoresho bikomeye birigenga rwose. Kubwibyo, abahanganye bakomeye b'ibice by'imbere mu gihugu bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, ubuziranenge, n'imbaraga zikomeye baracyari ibigo umunani bikomeye mpuzamahanga bikoresha umuvuduko.

Inganda zikora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zibanda cyane cyane ku bigo byigenga n'iby'amahanga bihagarariwe n'Ubushinwa bw'Iburasirazuba hamwe n'ibigo bisanzwe bikorera mu nganda zikomeye zihagarariwe n'Uburasirazuba bw'Amajyaruguru na Luoyang. Ikigo gikuru giherereye mu karere k'Amajyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru ni ikigo cya Leta gihagarariwe na Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Wafangdian Bearing Group Co., Ltd. na Dalian Metallurgical Bearing Group Co., Ltd. cyashinzwe no kuvugurura ikigo cya leta. Ibigo bya leta bihagarariwe na Co., Ltd., muri byo harimo Harbin Shaft, Tile Shaft na Luo Shaft ni byo bigo bitatu bikorera mu nganda zikorera mu Bushinwa.

Kuva mu 2006 kugeza 2017, izamuka ry'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa ryari rihagaze neza, kandi igipimo cy'izamuka cyari hejuru y'icy'ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Amafaranga y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga yagaragaje icyerekezo cyo kwiyongera. Muri 2017, amafaranga y'ibicuruzwa yageze kuri miliyari 1.55 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Kandi ugereranije n'igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, itandukaniro ry'ibiciro hagati y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa ryabaye rinini mu myaka yashize, ariko itandukaniro ry'ibiciro ryaragabanutse umwaka ku wundi, bigaragaza ko nubwo imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zikora ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa igifite icyuho runaka ugereranyije n'urwego rwo hejuru, iracyari kuzamuka. Muri icyo gihe, bigaragaza imiterere y'ubu ngubu y'ibicuruzwa bito n'ibidahagije mu Bushinwa.

Mu gihe kirekire, ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga byigaruriye igice kinini cy'isoko mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ubwikorezi buhanitse kandi bunoze. Hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ubushobozi bw'inganda zo mu Bushinwa zitwara imizigo, ubuhanga n'ubwizerwe bw'ubwikorezi bwo mu gihugu bizagenda birushaho kwiyongera. Ingufu zo mu gihugu zizagenda zisimbura ingufu zitumizwa mu mahanga buhoro buhoro. Zikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bikomeye bya tekiniki n'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga. Ibyiza ni binini cyane.